Difference between revisions of "Jabber"

Revision as of 05:02, 2 September 2015

Jabber («джабер», или «жабер», от англ. jabber — трёп, болтовня) —

1. система мгновенного обмена сообщениями (IM) между двумя любыми абонентами сети Интернет, построенная на протоколе XMPP.
2. совокупность программного обеспечения, исходного кода, технологий и идей, связанных с протоколом XMPP и его расширениями — XEP.

Разработан Джереми Миллером.

На базе использования данной технологии было создано множество частных и корпоративных серверов Jabber. Среди них выделяются такие крупные проекты, как сервис мгновенного обмена сообщениями компании Google (Google Talk) и Живого журнала.

Протокол

В основе протокола XMPP лежит язык XML, имеется поддержка шлюзов в другие IM-сети, однако их реализация зависит от конкретного Jabber-сервера и подвержена нестабильности из-за закрытости коммерческих IM-сервисов^[1]. Семейство протоколов Jabber принято как стандарт RFC.

Jabber имеет ряд преимуществ по сравнению с коммерческими системами IM:

• Открытость: протокол Jabber открыт, общедоступен и достаточно лёгок для понимания; существует множество реализаций серверов и клиентов, а также библиотек с открытым исходным кодом.

• Расширяемость: с помощью пространств имён в XML можно расширить протокол Jabber для выполнения требуемых задач и для обеспечения поддержки взаимодействия между различными системами. Общие расширения разрабатываются под контролем Jabber Software Foundation.

• Децентрализованность: кто угодно может запустить свой собственный сервер Jabber, что позволяет организациям и частным лицам заниматься любыми экспериментами с IM.

• Безопасность: любой сервер Jabber может быть изолирован от общедоступной сети Jabber, многие из вариантов реализации сервера используют SSL при обмене между клиентом и сервером, и немало клиентов поддерживают шифрование с помощью PGP/GPG внутри протокола.

Jabber удовлетворяет многие потребности частных лиц и организаций. Но важно понимать, что он не является универсальным решением всех задач. В частности, Jabber не является:

• Универсальным чат-клиентом для различных систем IM — несмотря на множество клиентов Jabber под различные платформы, они не предоставляют таких возможностей по взаимодействию с различными системами IM, которые обеспечиваются программами Miranda, Trillian или Pidgin: вместо этого взаимодействие между Jabber и другими системами осуществляют шлюзы, расположенные на стороне сервера.

• Универсальным решением проблем взаимодействия с различными IM-системами — некоторые сервера Jabber предоставляют возможность взаимодействия с другими системами IM через шлюзы, которые транслируют протокол Jabber в протокол этих систем; однако только от самих систем зависит осуществление взаимодействия (к чему они подчас не стремятся, и даже наоборот).

• Единообразной IM-системой, созданной одной компанией — Jabber-cообщество не монолитно; напротив, существует большой набор общедоступных и закрытых серверов Jabber, проектов с открытым кодом, компаний по разработке ПО, использующих протокол Jabber.

ZXIuPC9wPjxwPldoZW4gc2hlIHdhcyBhYmxlIHRvIGdldCBhIGNsb3NlciBsb29rLCB0aGUgY2hp <a href=http://www.moncleroutlet.net.co/>moncler outlet online</a> August 12, 2015, 1:22PM x <a href=http://www.louisvuittonoutlet.me/>Louis Vuitton Outlet</a> Shani Dissanayake (4-26) and Lewis Stabler (4-32) shared 34 overs but, despite losing four of their last five wickets for 19 runs, Redcar held on 101-9. David Seymour made 104 not out 鈥?a maiden league century 鈥?for Pool with 13 boundaries in facing 112 balls. <a href=http://www.AtlantaFalconsJersey.us.com/>Wholesale Jerseys</a> More In: Cierra Porter, jr., Rock Bridge <a href=http://www.ArizonaCardinalsJersey.us.com/>Cheap Jerseys</a> But sometimes creative names backfire: When Kraft Foods spun off its snack food division and named it Mondelez in 2012, for instance, the reaction was not enthusiastic. The New York Post ran a headline that simply asked: "MONDEWHAAAT?" d <a href=http://www.moncleroutlet.nom.co/>moncler outlet online</a> He has scored just 15 goals in 91 appearances for Sunderland and has found opportunities in his preferred central striker role hard to come by. <a href=http://www.oakleysunglasses.in.net/>oakley sunglasses</a> Germany Has Overtaken its Partners x 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '173.208.148.51', <a href=http://www.AtlantaFalconsJersey.us.com/>Cheap Jerseys From China</a> 5) Sydney 48 112.39% Collingwood (H); GWS (A); St Kilda (A); Gold Coast (H) Highest possible: 64 points. Predicted finish: 3rd <a href=http://www.cheapuggssale.us.org/>ugg boots</a> The number of deaths had fallen from 31 at the start of the decade to 12 in 2002/03, he said, although the industry's target was zero. <a href=http://www.outletmichael-kors.us.com/>Michael Kors Handbags</a> 8:30 a.m. Visit to the United Nations and Address to the United Nations General Assembly. http://www.coachoutletstoreonline.me aWF0aW9uLCBjYWxsZWQgVHJ1bWJ1bGwmIzgyMTc7cyByZXF1ZXN0IHVubmVjZXNzYXJ5LjwvcD48 <a href=http://www.michaelkors-bags.us.com/>Michael Kors Handbags</a> We need to create an environment where people are taught about fuel efficiency, what smartcards are, how we use them and why, Elhelwa said, It will take time for Egyptians to become familiar with this. n <a href=http://www.rosherunshoes.com.co/>Nike Roshe Run Shoes</a> Moors manager Jason Ainsley said; 鈥淎ndrew was unplayable. He scored two great goals, and was unlucky not to score a third in the second half when we pushed him further up front. <a href=http://www.glassesoakley.us.com/>oakley sunglasses</a> The house was used by the council until it merged with two others to form Teesdale Council, and later was passed on to Durham County Council. In the final 33 seconds, she had a three-pointer rim out that would have given her team a two-point lead, and she missed the front end of a bonus with her team down two. <a href=http://www.moncleroutlet.net.co/>moncler parka</a> Decorate a flower pot: Dig out some old flower pots and let the children decorate them with stickers, paints and glitter 鈥?and then grow something in them such as herbs or quick-to-mature micro-greens. Zach Crace, RB, Libby <a href=http://www.oakleysunglasses.in.net/>oakley sunglasses</a> These images come from architectural photographer Mike Rebholz鈥檚 series 10 Weeks, referring to the roughly Christmastime-to-early-March stretch when ice fishing is possible on Madison-area lakes. When Rebholz began photographing the diverse and colorful ice shanties and their owners, he didn鈥檛 anticipate taking to the hobby. 鈥淚 really fell in love with being out there,鈥?he says. He appreciates the sense of camaraderie that鈥檚 built out on the ice. 鈥淩eally, it鈥檚 about the community鈥攖hough there is a certain thrill to catching a big fish.鈥?While Rebholz has been documenting ice fishing for years, last winter he began conducting audio interviews with the fishers. He鈥檚 hoping all his material makes its way into a book. Hat <a href=http://www.ArizonaCardinalsJersey.us.com/>Cheap NHL Jerseys</a> It added that the surveillance was very crucial in the coming months and more resources should be allocated to training. The government is already planning a three-month-long surveillance campaign in the affected areas of east Nepal. t 鈥淚 had to move on from that afternoon,鈥?said Downing. 鈥淚t was a really low point of my career because of what happened that season and how I moved on. When I moved on I always said I would be back one day and here I am, preparing to play at the Riverside again and I can鈥檛 wait. <a href=http://www.onlinecoachoutlets.us.com/>Coach Factory Outlet</a> It's the kind of course where discipline and decision-making are among the most required parts of the game. On and off the court, teammates look up to McWhorter as a leader. Because, well, he's the one paying the bills and taking out the trash. Living with Aaron and Trinson White at a three-bedroom duplex across the street from campus, McWhorter handles the money. Energy bills, cable, rent, you name it. <a href=http://www.rosherunshoes.com.co/>Roshe Run</a> Aluminum started to appear in automobiles shortly thereafter, and some manufacturers today rely more than ever on the light, but strong, metal to trim weight in hopes of meeting stricter fuel economy laws that will go into effect over the next decade. Carbon fiber materials, too, have stolen some of steel s thunder, but the metal most associated with motoring since the 19th century is making some noise in the 21st century as well. d <a href=http://www.michaelkorsbags.nom.co/>Michael Kors</a> May 1: Town (h), 3-0 <a href=http://www.boots-uggs.us.com/>www.boots-uggs.us.com</a> After several years of prohibiting sharp-tailed grouse hunting in the state, the DNR Sharp-tailed Grouse Advisory Committee decided to make 100 harvest permits available in Unit 8 for the fall 2015 season. The season remains closed in all other zones. u educational ride, not a guided tour; the idea is to teach you how to get more <a href=http://www.rosherunshoes.com.co/>nike run shoes</a> <html> o However, the Magpies were denied victory by a wonderful opportunist strike from full-back Freeman with four minutes remaining. <a href=http://www.oakleysunglasses.in.net/>discount oakley sunglasses</a> again.鈥?<a href=http://www.michaelkorsbags.me/>Michael Kors Outlet</a> Now dozens of journalists from around the world have flooded the French territory. <a href=http://www.uggbootsblackfriday.us.com/>ugg boots</a> ATHENS: Greek police used fire extinguishers and batons against migrants on the island of Kos, as tensions boiled over in a sports stadium where hundreds, including young children, had gathered to wait for immigration papers, state television footage showed. On Tuesday, TV images showed hundreds of migrants jostling with one another as they ran from huge clouds of thick white powder set off from fire extinguishers wielded by police officers who were apparently trying to disperse the crowd. It was not immediately clear what had sparked the violence. Hundreds of protesting migrants demanding quick registration began blocking the main coastal road in the island s main town, staging a sit-in. We want papers, we want to eat! they chanted. Kos Mayor Yorgos Kyritsis said strained local services, including the police and coast guard were unable to cope with the influx. This situation on the island is out of control, he told Greek TV. There is a real danger of uncontrollable situations. Blood will be shed. A Greek police official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said riot police squads would be deployed to the island and police officers from the neighbouring islands of Rhodes and Syros would be sent in as reinforcements. Hundreds of people arrive on Greece s eastern Aegean islands daily, many after fleeing conflict in Syria and Afghanistan. Authorities, locals and charity groups are struggling to provide registration, food and shelter to the new arrivals, many of whom are children. Many of those on Kos, a popular tourist destination, had been camping in the main town s parks and squares.An attempt to have them relocated to a stadium for registration degenerated, with fights breaking out among some of the roughly 1,500 people gathered in a long, crowded queue in the stadium.Police, who had a force of just a handful of officers to maintain control and carry out the registration, tried to impose order on the crowd by spraying the jostling migrants with fire extinguishers and using batons. Hundreds fled in panic. Greece s coast guard said it had rescued 329 migrants in seven separate search and rescue incidents off the coast of Lesbos and Kos in the 24 hours from Monday morning. Those figures do not include the hundreds more who reach shore themselves in their inflatable dinghies from Turkey, making their own way to the islands main towns for registration. Italy has arrested nearly 900 suspected people traffickers since January 2014 but the kingpins remain at large, police data published Tuesday in Catholic dailyAvvenire showed.Eight hundred of them are merely men with few scruples, placed at the helm of the boat with a satellite phone and a bat to keep migrants in line, while around 80 others are suspected of having played a bigger role in operations.Of the 888 arrested, the majority are from Egypt and Tunisia. During this period, some 270,000 migrants arrived in Italy by sea.Avvenire highlighted the case of Ethiopian Ermias Gharmiay, suspected of having accumulated as much as $70 million from chartering boats to smuggle people into Europe, including the vessel which capsized in 2013 off the coast of Lampedusa in Italy, leaving 366 dead.The scuffles took place a day after a police officer on the island was suspended for brandishing a knife and slapping a man identified by Greek media as a Pakistani migrant. Greece has been overwhelmed by the number of migrants arriving, with at least 124,000 people reaching the eastern islands in the first seven months of this year alone. Agencies o <a href=http://www.oakleyonlinesunglasses.us.com/>oakley sunglasses</a> The headline 鈥淐urate sleeps in for Evensong鈥?flashed satanically before the eyes 鈥?first in the Echo and then in newspapers throughout the world. It never appeared. The curate鈥檚 still hereabouts, and still owes me a pint. <a href=http://www.cheapuggssale.us.org/>http://www.cheapuggssale.us.org</a> Walker refused Medicaid expansion that would have benefited tens of thousands of low-income residents. Why? Because it is part of Obamacare and as such, the Republican "base" can't support it. Next, he directed Attorney General J.B. Van Hollen to include Wisconsin in the fight against marriage equality. Why? Clearly it was a lost cause but by doing so he shored up his standing with the religious part of his party's base. Now he is directing Attorney General Brad Schimel to sue the EPA. Why? So he can campaign to the base and show how he is standing up to President Barack Obama and the climate change crowd. "It's difficult to put into words the feeling of heartbreak I have for Kelby and his family," Duke head coach David Cutcliffe said. "While we will certainly miss his athletic abilities and leadership as one of the best linebackers to play at Duke, what is most important above all else is Kelby's health. He is a truly special young man who is destined to accomplish great things in his life. Kelby's strengths lie in his core values, and I know that despite this setback, he will continue to play an integral part of our program's success both on and off the field." <a href=http://www.coachonlineoutlet.us.org/>Coach Outlet</a> </tr> v <a href=http://www.monclerjacketsonline.us.com/>moncler jackets</a> Wijnaldum starts at Bramall Lane, having already featured during the recent tour of the United States following a 拢14.5m move from PSV Eindhoven. <a href=http://www.onlinecoachoutlets.us.com/>http://www.onlinecoachoutlets.us.com</a> Ward 108 on Milwaukee's north side is part of the Democratic heartland, a predominantly African-American neighborhood that went for Barack Obama in 2008 over John McCain by a stunning margin: 801 to 1.

Адресация

Каждый пользователь в сети имеет уникальный идентификатор, адрес — Jabber ID (сокращённо JID). Во избежание необходимости существования сервера с полным списком всех адресов, JID подобно адресу электронной почты содержит имя пользователя и DNS-адрес сервера, на котором зарегистрирован пользователь, разделённые знаком (@). Например, пользователь somebody, зарегистрированный на сервере example.com, будет иметь следующий адрес (JID): somebody@example.com.

Также пользователь может подключаться, находясь в разных местах; сервер позволяет определять дополнительное значение, называемое ресурсом, который идентифицирует клиента пользователя в данный момент. Так можно включить в адрес пользователя (JID) имя его ресурса, добавив его через слэш в конце адреса. Например, example@example.com/work, и можно будет обмениваться сообщениями с отдельными ресурсами, почти как с самостоятельными пользователями. Подробнее см. Ресурс.

Адрес (JID) самого сервера обычно не включает имя пользователя, т. е. просто example.com (с указанием ресурса или без такового). Они используются для системных сообщений и для управления специальными возможностями сервера.

Программное обеспечение

• Серверы
• Клиенты

Q: Obviously, your prep work paid off by being named <a href=http://www.moncleroutlet.nom.co/>moncler outlet</a> on his first day back at practice after having a cancerous kidney removed. 鈥?Chris Francis (@franciskiro7) z <a href=http://www.rosherunshoes2015.us.com/>Roshe Run</a> Large parts of England will see air pollution climb to moderate levels tomorrow while parts of the north will see it hit nine out of 10. <a href=http://www.michaelkors-bags.us.com/>michael kors outlet online</a> But through her art, she saw its potential. ZSBhbmQgc3RhbGxpbmcsJiM4MjIxOyBNYW56aWVsIHNhaWQuICYjODIyMDtUbyBnZXQgdGhhdCBp <a href=http://www.airmaxnike.us.com/>air max 90</a> Bottom line? While I'd prefer a more stylish car, Audi lets the A3's performance act as its persuader. Boxy looks aside, the A3 delivers a high fun-to-drive quotient, and the TDI delivers stellar fuel economy. y <a href=http://www.airjordanshoes.net.co/>air jordans</a> Stacey is shocked in EastEnders (BBC) to learn her mum is getting married to Ollie the next day, but that's not the only issue between them as Jean panics when she spots the key around her daughter's neck. <a href=http://www.oakleyonlinesunglasses.us.com/>fake oakley sunglasses</a> In an apparent change of heart, the Netanyahu government is now authorising administrative detention orders and harsh interrogation methods, and introducing new sweeping powers for the Shin Bet, ostensibly against these right-wing fanatics and Jewish extremists. y Estimates differ but perhaps as many as 10 MPs considered abstaining from a no-confidence motion to be put in the House of Representatives. The implications were grave. Failure by the PM to maintain his parliamentary numbers on such a crucial question would have presaged his own departure as well. <a href=http://www.bootsuggcheap.us.com/>http://www.bootsuggcheap.us.com</a> Mark Fookes, GPT's chief financial officer, said the company wanted to retain some of the earnings to reinvest. <a href=http://www.michaelkorsoutlet.com.co/>http://www.michaelkorsoutlet.com.co</a> For more complicated wills, a solicitor's help may be needed, and the Plan If website contains advice on how to find one. <a href=http://www.oakleyonlinesunglasses.us.com/>http://www.oakleyonlinesunglasses.us.com</a> Focus turns to dues http://www.rosherunshoes2015.us.com b3VnaCBpdCB3YXMgcmV0cm9hY3RpdmUgdG8gQXVnLiAyLiBUaGUgSW5kaWFucywgZm9sbG93aW5n <a href=http://www.ugg-bootscheap.us.com/>Cheap Uggs</a> In recent years researchers have documented cases of forced evictions in poor communities as a part of World Bank-funded projects. q <a href=http://www.rosherunshoes2015.us.com/>nike roshe run</a> Commented a bedraggled Maynard: "I went straight over the Sherco bars and was head down in the stream, right under. My crash hat filled with muddy water." <a href=http://www.AtlantaFalconsJersey.us.com/>Wholesale NFL Jerseys</a> Nakajima was one of them. NFC scout: I'm thinking 3-4 teams might snatch him up in the third round. The length is what bothers everybody. For sure he'll go in the fourth. <a href=http://www.louisvuittonoutlet.me/>Cheap Louis Vuitton</a> If this hasn't encouraged you people to stand up for yourselves I'm relocating as I have no inclination to spend the next ten years protesting, then hearing silence. Quite a few of you have already spoken, some very quickly and I'm eternally grateful as it makes making a huge tit of myself less embarrassing. You don't need to scream it from the rooftops, there's defo no group hugs, meetings, and **** . This isn't my idea, it's not my protest, nobody leads anybody else but we will be heard and you can do it in a way you're comfortable with but gains maximum impact and attention. You can privately tell me you're standing up if you wish, or tell me you're earning and decent profit so why bother. It's your life, Frequently Asked Questions: <a href=http://www.uggbootsblackfriday.us.com/>Cheap Uggs</a> COLUMBIA, SC (WIS) - The 2015 Milwaukee Film Festival runs Sept. 24 to Oct. 8 at the and Passes and ticket six-packs are available at the festival's website (mkefilm.org); individual screening tickets go on sale Sept. 9. <a href=http://www.uggbootsblackfriday.us.com/>cheap ugg boots</a> JOHN KASICH q Hurst, who graduated from Sunderland University before moving south, had only two other races this year, winning the previous weekend鈥檚 Ashford 10K in a modest 31 mins 40 secs and his pb dated back to 2011, when he was North-East and Northern junior cross country champion. <a href=http://www.ugg-bootscheap.us.com/>Cheap Uggs</a> After scrambling up and down the rocks and watching the gushing water from different angles, Layton decided this sight was more impressive than High Force. The threesome called at that tourist attraction on the way back, but the poet remarked that it was just a huge waterfall, not as spectacular as Cauldron. Doing so would finally end the City-less streak in the finals, and maybe help exorcise some of those demons from 2006 as well - not that either has entered the thinking of the Tigers' senior-heavy squad. <a href=http://www.moncler-outlet.com.co/>moncler outlet</a> Bielema was then reminded he had just described Wilson, too. e <a href=http://www.ArizonaCardinalsJersey.us.com/>Cheap Jerseys</a> He has also completed a book on the Stockton and Darlington Railway 鈥?Origins and Legacy 鈥?and contemplates others with a west Durham flavour. <a href=http://www.bootsuggcheap.us.com/>Ugg Outlet</a> 7.: Doing late papa Waylon proud with his own kind of outlaw country. (6:30 p.m. Friday, BMO Harris Pavilion, Maier Festival Park.) j YWJvdXQgd2hpY2ggaGUgaGFzIGJlZW4gdHJhbnNwYXJlbnQgd2l0aCBlbXBsb3llZXMsIGlzIHdp <a href=http://www.airmaxnike.us.com/>nike air max</a> The issue of course was temporarily sidelined by debates over nationalism. A few weeks ago, Kuomintang presidential candidate Hung Hsiu-chu criticized students protesting the high school curriculum guidelines, saying that corporations who had problems with economic policies did not in turn occupy the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA). The clear point is: there is no need for such acrimony on part of capital. Using abandonment of investment as coercion, some conglomerates and their allies not only strong arm the government to make their businesses run on lower costs (hence lower wages), they have convinced a great many of the public that their woes are the woes of the nation at large, something which needs to be taken into deeper consideration. q "We look at people's involvement, not just in the rucks but in their work-rate off the ball. He's continually at the top of that as well. It's less about the tunnel and more about playing hard on the field. <a href=http://www.coachonlineoutlet.us.org/>http://www.coachonlineoutlet.us.org</a> Website: cinnamon-club.com <a href=http://www.rosherunshoes.com.co/>Nike Roshe Run</a> In the spirt of AFL 101, we've assembled a crack (pot) panel to run the rule over each week of the EPL season - starting with an opening round of fixtures that contained some notable surprises. <a href=http://www.cheapjordanshoes.us.org/>cheap jordans</a> Current expectations within financial markets are for an extremely subdued trajectory for the cash rate, suggesting it will be just 1.6 per cent at the end of 2017. q <a href=http://www.moncleroutlet.nom.co/>moncler online outlet</a> He urged people to keep a special eye out for the International Space Station, which an be seen passing over the UK at around 10.30pm on Wednesday. <a href=http://www.uggbootsblackfriday.us.com/>http://www.uggbootsblackfriday.us.com</a> Morgan is clearly thick-skinned and spends a lot of time with his tongue planted firmly in his cheek 鈥?and he expects his interviewees on Life Stories to be able to hold their own against his questioning. Having spent ten years writing about the world鈥檚 most influential Arabs, we decided this year that we would tell a different story. <a href=http://www.moncleroutlet.nom.co/>moncler jackets</a> 拢37. ContX: R E Coatsworth 拢44.20; JL Cook 拢37.50; P Makin 拢37, 拢35.80; D Horsman 拢27.50. Mule: P Makin 拢30.50. y <a href=http://www.moncleroutlet.net.co/>moncler parka</a>

1. ↑ Это не относится к открытым коммерческим сервисам, таким как, например, Mail.ru Агент.